Respiratory viruses are a global health concern, leading to many illnesses and diseases that can be prevented cautiously. These viruses usually spread through contact with contaminated spaces, airborne droplets, aerosols, and similar mediums. Some public places can be at high risk for spreading such respiratory viruses, and it is essential to be careful of such spaces. Here are a few places where viruses can spread rapidly: 1. Public transport Nearly everyone takes public transportation, if not within the city, but to travel outside the city, country, or continent. This involves going through crowded spaces, buses, airplanes, and trains. These are often hotspots for disease spreading, as public transport mediums are always filled with people. They are poorly ventilated, so respiratory droplets can easily infect anyone. There are frequent touchpoints, like surfaces like seats, handrails, and even door panels. 2. Entertainment venues Places like concert halls, sports arenas, theaters, and wedding venues are a few examples of high-risk zones for respiratory viruses. Activities like singing and cheering can release more respiratory droplets in the air, which can easily affect some people. If it is an indoor seating venue, the ventilation is not good enough to filter out the toxins, and it does not help that all the people are sitting near each other, which increases the risk of transmission. 3. Hospitals Hospitals or emergency care centers are filled with patients with possibly weakened and vulnerable immune systems and illnesses. This makes them more susceptible to infections and also carriers of some infections. One also comes into contact with healthcare providers who tend to patients who are carriers of viruses. While they take appropriate preventive measures, there could still be asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic carriers of respiratory viruses, which can quickly be passed on to patients or other visitors. 4. Long-term care facilities In nursing facilities, an aging population often stays there, making them more susceptible to contracting viruses and illnesses.

Lactose and gluten are the new buzzwords in the health market. Despite their popularity, many people still need clarification on what the terminologies mean and their ramifications on specific health conditions. Also, since digestive problems are rising, there has been significant research and development in food alternatives. This article explores one of the most popular alternatives, i.e., lactose-free milk – and why it may be a sound choice for many. What is lactose-free milk? Many people experience abdominal issues such as bloating, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after consuming regular milk. This health condition is known as lactose intolerance. It occurs due to the sugar ‘lactose’ found in dairy products like milk, cheese, and ice cream, which can be difficult to digest. It may be caused due to genetic factors or due to illness or injury to the small intestine. As a solution to this, companies began producing lactose-free milk, that is, regular milk without lactose. Most lactose-free milk contains 0.1% or less of lactose. This is achieved by processing milk to remove most of its lactose content and adding lactase to cow’s milk. Lactase helps break down lactose content in the body, making it easier for people to consume and digest milk. Although slightly sweeter, its nutrients (calcium, protein, and vitamin B) and texture profile are the same as regular milk. Why switch to lactose-free milk? Although most people are born with the ability to digest lactose, most (around 75%) tend to lose it over time, leading to lactose intolerance. It occurs due to the decreased activity of lactase in their bodies. Since lactose-free milk contains lactase, it’s often perceived as a good alternative to milk. Is it suitable for everyone? Although lactose-free milk may be ideal for those with lactose intolerance, it is still a dairy product. It can cause allergic reactions of varying intensities (such as hives, vomiting, etc.) among people allergic to dairy.

Lactose, a naturally occurring sugar in dairy products, can pose digestion challenges for certain individuals, especially as one grows older, causing allergic reactions. Hence, swapping regular milk for lactose-free milk can be an excellent solution. Lactose-free milk gives the same creamy texture as milk but is easy on the digestive system. Here are some types and advantages of lactose-free milk and tips on how to find the best ones that suit one’s needs. Types of lactose-free milk Oat, almond, soy, hemp, coconut, rice, and cashew milk are the most popular plant-based and lactose-free options. Each of these alternatives is rich in nutrients, including minerals like potassium and magnesium, vitamins D, B, and E, iron, calcium, amino acids, and antioxidants. Similarly, lactose-free cow’s milk undergoes additional processing to reduce its lactose content significantly. Benefits of lactose-free milk Here are a few benefits of lactose-free milk: Digestive comfort and allergy-friendly Consuming regular milk can cause bloating, cramps, and diarrhea for individuals with lactose intolerance. Lactose-free milk contains little to no lactose, making it gentler on the stomach and allowing people to enjoy milk without discomfort. Nutritional value Many lactose-free milk products are fortified with essential nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12. This ensures that those who switch to lactose-free milk can maintain their vital vitamin and mineral intake, often at levels equivalent to or exceeding those found in regular cow’s milk. Vegan-friendly Plant-based milk is entirely free from animal products, making it an excellent choice for vegans and vegetarians who want a dairy alternative that aligns with their ethical choices. Versatile Lactose-free milk can seamlessly replace regular milk in various beverages and foods. It can be added to coffee, tea, smoothies, and cereal and used for baking, cooking, and making creamy sauces, ensuring that individuals can enjoy their favorite recipes without sacrificing flavor or texture.

Clothes do more than just enhance one’s look – they protect the body from external factors and provide warmth and comfort. Thus, while shopping for outfits, it is important to consider not only the esthetic appeal but also the fit, durability, comfort, and texture. With a variety of outfits available today, fashionistas are spoilt for choice in every outfit category. In this scenario, it makes sense to avoid certain types of clothes that may affect one’s overall health: Underwire bras Although underwire bras are intended to uplift and support the breasts, these bras increase one’s risk of skin conditions like rashes and fungal infections. They can also cause problems like chest and neck pain and block milk ducts among lactating mothers. Hence, it is advisable to limit the use of underwire bras, replacing them with comfortable wireless cotton bras, bralettes, and sports bras, among other options. Tight jeans Skinny jeans may accentuate one’s figure and enhance one’s appeal, but their continuous friction with the skin may cause potential skin problems like rashes. Moreover, tight jeans can prevent blood circulation and trigger nerve and muscle damage. Trying alternative types of trousers, such as palazzos, capris, and culottes, is a good idea. They are loose, comfortable options and do not stick to the skin while not compromising on esthetics. Clothes made of nylon and polyester Research studies suggest that synthetic fabrics like nylon and polyester are treated using several toxic chemicals during the manufacturing process. For instance, nitrous oxide is released during the manufacturing of nylon, and this chemical is regarded as significantly more harmful than carbon dioxide. Similarly, polyester’s manufacturing process involves the release of carcinogens. Ill-fitting outfits Any outfit that is too tight or too loose can cause health issues in the long run. While tight-fitting clothes may trigger rashes, itching, and skin problems, loose clothes involve the risk of getting entangled in sharp objects, causing falls and accidents.

Sickle cell crisis, also called vaso-occlusive crisis, is a painful and potentially life-threatening episode that occurs in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). This type of blood disorder is caused by an abnormal genetic mutation. The condition affects one’s hemoglobin and turns the shape of red blood cells into sickle-shaped cells, leading to restricted blood flow, anemia, and increased risk of infections. Understanding the warning signs of sickle cell crisis is important. Intense pain and headaches Sickle cell crisis brings excruciating pain, often accompanied by headache or dizziness. Individuals experiencing a crisis describe the pain as sharp, throbbing, and unbearable. This pain can occur anywhere in the body but is most commonly felt in the bones and joints. It can be so severe that it interferes with daily activities, making it impossible to ignore. Muscular weakness and swelling Muscular or general weakness can manifest in various parts of the body during sickle cell crisis, making it difficult to move some parts of one’s body or perform everyday tasks. It can also be due to swelling of hands and feet or localized swelling that can be tender or painful to the touch. These symptoms mainly occur because the sickle cells get stuck in the small vessels and block blood flow. Breathing problems Sickle cell crises can also affect the lungs, leading to shortness of breath, chest pain when breathing, or both. When sickle cells block blood vessels in the lungs, it can result in acute chest syndrome, a medical emergency. Shortness of breath should never be ignored and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional immediately. Tiredness Fatigue is a common symptom of many health conditions, but it can become alarming when experienced during a sickle cell crisis. Anemia, a condition characterized by a lack of healthy red blood cells, is a common complication of sickle cell disease.

Those at risk of kidney cancer may find that while it begins in this organ, it may eventually spread to other body parts. Therefore, it is crucial to identify such mutations and seek healthcare assistance at the earliest. There are various tell-tale signs of kidney cancer that one may often overlook or mistake for another condition. On that note, here are nine early indicators of kidney cancer to help one manage it immediately. Hematuria This symptom is where one may notice blood in the urine, which could occur due to kidney cancer. Damage caused to the organ by mutated cells might result in bleeding, which gets mixed with urine. One may not always notice blood while urinating, so even the faintest indication may require healthcare attention. Lump or swelling As the kidney cancer progresses, it might become more physically present. It means one might feel a lump or swelling in the area of the kidneys. Sometimes, the cancer might be too small to detect and may require an ultrasound to detect it. Pain in the side between the ribs and hip One may experience pain in the side between their ribs and hip for several reasons, including an injury or infection. But if there isn’t an underlying cause, they should speak to an expert to check for kidney cancer. Flushing The term refers to bouts where the skin turns red. The sign might be accompanied by a warm feeling (or burning sensation) in the face, neck, or extremities. Someone at risk of kidney cancer may show signs of flushing, which should be diagnosed and treated soon. Fever A fever over 100.4 degrees F is a potential sign of kidney cancer. The symptoms might be chronic or come and go without apparent signs of infection. Someone who experiences an unexplained fever should speak to a healthcare professional at the earliest.

Seizures are a serious neurological condition that occurs due to an imbalance of electrical activity in the brain. Many causal factors lead to the onset of seizures. Due to a seizure, one may even lose consciousness and be at risk of an injury. Recognizing the early signs of seizures is important so that one can take the necessary steps to manage the condition effectively and safeguard themselves from unprecedented events. Aura sensations Aura sensations can vary from person to person. These sensations can include a weird feeling in the stomach, experiencing unusual smells and tastes, experiencing visual distortions (of lights, colors, or shapes), or a strong sense of déjà vu. The déjà vu sensation refers to when one feels like they’ve been in the same situation before. This sensation can occur minutes or seconds before a seizure. Headaches Generally, headaches can occur due to various reasons. But if one experiences frequent headaches without any cause, it may likely be a warning sign of seizures. Often, headaches may also occur during and after the seizure episode. Constant stares Brief episodes where a person seems to “zone out” or stare into space without responding to their surroundings can be indicative of a seizure. They may also find it difficult to concentrate or direct their focus on something. Mood changes Sudden unexplained mood changes, which may include irritability, sadness, and aggression, can be a subtle warning sign of a seizure. Individuals may also experience general distress and anxiety. These signs can occur minutes to days before the seizure. Sleeping disturbances Another warning sign of seizures can be disrupted sleep patterns. One may find themselves experiencing a sudden awakening from sleep accompanied by feelings of confusion or disorientation. Nausea and vomiting Seizures can sometimes trigger feelings of nausea and vomiting. If one experiences these signs without any apparent reason, they must consult a doctor immediately.

Sleeping is one of the most important parts of one’s day, and it plays a vital role in rest and recovery of the body. A good night’s sleep is also linked to several other health benefits. However, in today’s stressful environment and lifestyle, getting enough sleep can be challenging. Luckily, one can use several techniques, including home remedies, to help relieve stress and improve sleep quality. Here are some natural remedies for the same. Valerian root This is a herb that is commonly used in Asia and Europe as part of traditional healing methods. The root is usually used as a remedy to help manage stress, anxiety, and even depression in individuals. While the studies remain inconclusive of its direct benefits on sleep, there are some studies that do point towards the positive effects of this herb. Various small group studies involving 30 to 40 people found that taking 530 grams of valerian root before bed helped in sleep quality, latency, anxiety, and depression in individuals. These notes were taken from the participants’ perception of sleep quality and did not measure any quantitative data. While this root is known to be safe for adults, there may be minor, non-serious side effects, if any, in some people. Lavender This is a plant that can easily be found everywhere around the world and, in fact, is used in various forms in many households across the globe. Many sleep-enhancing products have lavender essential oil infused in them to help with sleep problems. There are some studies that suggest that smelling some lavender oil before going to sleep can help improve sleep quality for those with insomnia. There was also a study done with those with dementia, and lavender aromatherapy proved effective in improving sleep disturbance symptoms. Passionflower This is a popular remedy known for insomnia.

Sickle cell anemia is a rare genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells. responsible for carrying oxygen. Here, anemia specifically distorts the shape of some of the red blood cells, which are sickle or crescent moon-shaped instead of the natural round and flexible shape. This affects the movement of these cells in the body, disrupting blood flow. Recognizing warning signs of the condition can facilitate an early diagnosis and treatment, helping prevent further complications.  Early signs Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder. So, in most cases, the early signs of to condition can be observed in infants at around six months of age. The symptoms can vary and also change over time as one gets older. However, here are some of the common early signs of sickle cell anemia: 1. Fatigue The first clear indication of the condition is anemia, as sickle-shaped red blood cells (RBCs), being generally weaker than regularly shaped RBCs, tend to break down easily and deteriorate. Normal RBCs live for approximately 120 days before being replaced by newer cells. However, sickle cells stay in the body for about 10 to 20 days, leading to a shortage of RBCs. Without an adequate number of these cells, there is a drop in hemoglobin that carries oxygen around the body, leading to fatigue. 2. Swelling in the hands and feet This is usually one of the first symptoms of sickle cell anemia observed in infants and toddlers. The red blood cells are not adequately flexible due to their irregular shape and tend to get stuck in the blood vessels. As a result, blood flow is blocked in the smaller bones of the feet and hands, causing swelling in these parts. 3. Frequent infections Sickle cells are known to cause damage to the spleen. This results in higher vulnerability to infections, especially among infants and toddlers.

Although unpleasant, nasal congestion is a common, and perhaps the most pervasive, allergy symptom for millions of people worldwide. It is also a common symptom indicating a cold or flu. Congestion can interrupt daily routine, so one can try management options to relieve this symptom and breathe better. Here, anti-inflammatory foods may help reduce the discomfort. So here are six foods that help fight nasal congestion, prevent excess mucus buildup, and relieve a stuffy nose: Tea Breathing in the steam from hot liquids like tea or broth can help make mucus thinner and relieve congestion. Additionally, green tea is also known for its anti-inflammatory compounds called polyphenols, which can help with swollen sinuses. Honey According to preliminary studies, honey can help soothe a sore throat. It may also help fight upper respiratory tract infections. Honey is generally safe to eat for people over the age of 1. One can add it to tea, use it as a salad dressing, or just eat a spoonful to relieve inflammation. Citrus fruits Vitamin-C-rich fruits such as limes, lemons, grapefruit, and oranges help boost immunity. They also have antioxidant properties, which can help relieve the pain and inflammation associated with nasal congestion. The combination of vitamin C and antioxidants can help thin mucus and reduce allergy-related congestion. Pineapple Pineapple is loaded with vitamin C and bromelain. While vitamin C helps fortify the immune system, bromelain may help break down the mucus buildup in the sinuses and reduce allergy-induced excessive mucus production. The fruit can be juiced, grilled, added to a salad, or eaten as it is. Ginger Root ginger is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It can easily be added to salads and roast dishes for a healthy yet delicious meal. Alternatively, one can also boil some fresh ginger in water to make hot ginger tea to reduce nasal congestion.

Acute respiratory infections refer to a broad category of illnesses, like bronchiolitis and pneumonia, that affect the lower and upper respiratory tract. A significant number of these infections are caused by respiratory viruses, posing a health risk to individuals of all ages. Common respiratory viruses include influenza, rhinoviruses, common cold viruses, and adenovirus. These viruses can invade the respiratory tract, leading to inflammation and a cascade of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Early signs of respiratory infections Here are some of the early signs of severe respiratory infections caused by viruses: Fever If you experience a sudden onset of high fever, especially if it exceeds 103°F, could be a sign of viral infection. Fever is the body’s natural response to fight infections, indicating that the immune system is working to eliminate the virus. You may also experience chills along with fever. Congestion and sore throat Nasal congestion and a sore throat are among the initial symptoms of viral infection in the respiratory tract and can cause further discomfort. Cough A cough is often the body’s way of clearing the airways of mucus and foreign particles. Coughing may start as mild irritation and develop into a more severe, persistent cough over time as the infection worsens. Shortness of breath As a severe respiratory virus progresses, it can lead to inflammation of the airways and lungs, making it increasingly difficult for the affected individual to breathe. Shortness of breath indicates that the virus is impacting the respiratory system more severely. Apart from this, one may also experience dizziness if the infection has advanced. Chest pain Severe respiratory viruses can cause chest pain due to the inflammation of the lungs. This pain is often described as a sharp, stabbing sensation that worsens with deep breaths or coughing. Fatigue A sudden drop in energy levels or general weakness can indicate a viral infection.

Medigap is additional insurance one can buy to cover costs that are not covered under Medicare. Also known as the Medicare Supplement Plan, Medigap helps one reduce out-of-pocket expenses, i.e., co-payments and deductibles. One can access these insurance services through private companies. However, one must already have a Medicare Part A and Part B plan to buy Medigap. To understand Medigap plans better, here are a few things to know: What is a Medigap plan? Original Medicare (Parts A and B) does not cover all medical expenses. So, private companies can offer Medigap plans to help cover these costs. Nevertheless, Medigap plans generally do not offer long-term, vision, or dental coverage. They also do not cover the cost of hearing aids, eyeglasses, or private nursing. Medigap Plans are aimed at covering costs such as co-payments, deductibles, and coinsurance. Some specific costs that may be included in these plans are: About 20% of out-of-pocket expenses that are not covered by Medicare Part B Coinsurance for Part A Hospital coverage up to 365 days after Medicare benefits are used up Part A hospice or respite care copayment Some plans may also cover emergency medical care while traveling abroad. How much do Medigap plans cost? As Medigap plans are offered by private companies, the prices can vary, ranging from $44–$392 per month. However, in an attempt to standardize the process, the federal government requires private companies to offer similar policies. So, there are 10 standard policies to choose from, lettered A–D, F, G, and K–N, offering different levels of coverage. Standard plans differ in three states, so one should review the benefits offered in their state before signing up for a plan. Who can get a Medigap plan? Medigap plans are available to all seniors over the age of 65 who are currently enrolled in Medicare Part A and Part B.