Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that affects brain function over time. It profoundly impacts a person’s ability to move, think, and function independently. While the condition has no cure, early detection and intervention can help manage its symptoms in most cases and improve one’s quality of life. Here are a few common warning signs of Huntington’s disease that should prompt individuals and families to seek timely, expert attention.

Involuntary movements
Jerky, uncontrollable movements of the limbs, face, and body can initially be subtle but become more pronounced as the disease progresses.

Rigidity
Huntington’s disease may cause muscle stiffness, making it hard for patients to move smoothly or maintain good posture.

Impaired coordination
One may experience difficulties in coordination and balance, increasing the risk of falls.

Slurred speech and swallowing difficulty
A person’s speech can become slow and slurred as the condition affects the muscles responsible for articulation. One may also have trouble swallowing food.

Memory problems
Huntington’s disease can impair memory, making it challenging for individuals to recall recent events or learn new information.

Difficulty concentrating
The disorder may lead to problems with attention, focus, and decision-making.

Impaired judgment
As the disease progresses, individuals may exhibit poor judgment and impulsive behavior.

Depression
Depression is a common psychiatric symptom, often presenting as persistent sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.

Anxiety
Excessive worry, restlessness, and anxiety are frequently observed in individuals with the disorder.

Irritability and agitation
Mood swings, irritability, and aggression can be challenging for both the affected individual and their caregivers.

Difficulty performing routine tasks
As Huntington’s disease advances, individuals may struggle with basic self-care tasks like dressing, eating, and bathing.

Social isolation
The condition can lead to withdrawal from social activities and a decline in interpersonal relationships.

Sleep disturbances
Insomnia and other sleep disturbances can disrupt an individual’s sleep pattern, further affecting their physical and mental well-being.

How is Huntington’s disease managed?
Huntington’s disease results from an abnormal gene mutation, which produces an unwanted protein called huntingtin. This mutation gradually damages specific brain areas, resulting in a progressive decline of motor skills, cognitive functions, and emotional well-being. Treatments primarily focus on symptom management and supportive care. Their effectiveness varies from person to person, and a multidisciplinary approach is often necessary to address patient needs. Here are a few options that may be considered:

Physical and occupational therapy
Specially trained therapists employ exercises and other therapies to help patients maintain mobility, balance, and independence.

Speech and communication therapy
It helps individuals manage communication challenges like slow and slurred speech, besides addressing difficulties with swallowing.

Nutritional support
Patients may benefit from tailored nutritional plans and strategies like modifying food consistency to address swallowing difficulties and ensure proper nutrition.

Psychological and emotional support
Mental health professionals provide therapeutic services to help patients cope with the condition. They help them express their concerns and prevent anxiety.

Genetic counseling
Genetic counselors inform and guide individuals and families at risk of Huntington’s disease. They assist in making informed decisions about genetic testing, family planning, and future care planning.

Besides these, doctors may recommend other therapies to enhance motor control and address emotional and psychological symptoms like depression and psychosis.